Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas produced by burning gas, wood, propane, charcoal or other fuel.

You must have a CO detector if you have fuel-burning appliances in your home. And if you have such appliances on more than one level of your home, you should have a carbon monoxide detector on each level.  And it’s very important to install them near bedrooms too.

For a typical three-bedroom, two-bath home with an attic and basement, the National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) recommends four CO detectors.

If something goes wrong with one of your fuel-burning appliances, such as your furnace, fireplace, stove or hot-water heater then dangerous levels of carbon monoxide can start to circulate throughout your home.

Here are the types of appliances/engines that can produce CO:

• Any oil, propane or natural gas furnace, cooking stove or range, refrigerator, hot water heater, other appliance or fireplace.
• Any wood or wood-burning product such as a woodstove, heat stove, fireplace, wood-pellet stove, box or parlor stove.
• A running car in an attached garage.

Check Your CO Detectors Today

Just like smoke detectors, you must monitor your CO detector to ensure it is in working order so it can protect you and your family when it’s most needed.

Remember to replace the device after 5-6 years. Check for a manufactured date stamped on the back to determine its age.

Look on the back of the CO detector for a UL symbol—for Underwriters Laboratories to ensure it has passed safety tests. This symbol indicates that it has been tested to a widely accepted safety standard. This is a third-party testing agency and lets you know that your device is certified. Unfortunately, there are some detectors out there that haven’t had third-party testing and have failed when exposed to dangerous levels of CO, according to Consumer Reports.

Don’t forget to replace batteries as needed. Set a time twice each year, like daylight savings, to replace your CO detectors’ batteries along with any smoke detectors in your home.  The ones in my home use 9 Volt batteries. Keep in mind that you also can buy CO detectors that are hard-wired or that can be plugged in.

State Requirements for Home Sellers and Homeowners

Many states have recently enacted legislation or imposed regulations that require home sellers to install carbon monoxide detectors before a home is sold. Some states also require home inspections by fire officials to make sure the devices have been installed correctly and are in working order before a home is sold.

The Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Prevention Act of 2010 requires that all California residential properties, not just those being sold, be equipped with a Carbon Monoxide detector when the property has a fossil fuel burning heater or appliance, fireplace, and/or an attached garage.

All single-family homes in structures with 1-4 units (owner or tenant occupied) were to be equipped with a detector on or before July 1, 2011. On or before January 1, 2013, all other multi-family units (multi-family rentals, dormitories, hotels, motels, etc) must be equipped with a Carbon Monoxide detector as well as the smoke detector already required. Rentals are required to have operable Carbon Monoxide detector at the time the unit is available for occupancy or when the tenant takes possession. A tenant is responsible for notifying the owner or owner’s agent if the tenant becomes aware of an inoperable or deficient carbon monoxide detector within his or her unit. The owner or owner’s agent must correct any reported deficiencies in the carbon monoxide detector and will not be in violation of a deficient or inoperable carbon monoxide detector when he or she has not received notice of the deficiency or inoperability. The law applies to:

· Any gas appliances such as a gas stove, gas furnace, gas fireplace, gas water heater, etc.

· A fireplace (even if it only burns wood, pellets, or any other material).

· An attached garage (even if there are no gas appliances in the house). Cars continue to emit CO even after they are shut off.

The Silent Killer

Carbon monoxide is poisonous to humans and pets so you need to take it seriously as a homeowner.

According to CDC every year, at least 430 people die in the U.S. from accidental CO poisoning. Approximately 50,000 people in the U.S. visit the emergency department each year due to accidental CO poisoning. There are steps you can take to help protect yourself and your household from CO poisoning.

Mild exposure to CO can cause headaches, nausea, dizziness, irregular breathing, drowsiness, and confusion. It has symptoms similar to the flu but without a fever.  Those with heart disease can experience an increase in chest pain.

Severe exposure to CO can cause brain damage and death. Children and the elderly are even more susceptible.

CO doesn’t smell and you won’t be aware that high levels are being released into the air. That’s why it’s called the silent killer.

Some people who are overexposed simply fall asleep and never regain consciousness. Unfortunately, faulty heating devices are a major cause of CO poisoning during the cold weather.

If you think you or a family member has been exposed to CO, get outside immediately for fresh air and seek emergency medical help.  Open the windows of your home to ventilate. Call the fire department and don’t use any faulty appliance/engine until it has been thoroughly checked out or replaced.

How to Prevent CO Poisoning

Improperly ventilated appliances and engines, particularly in a tightly sealed or enclosed space, may allow carbon monoxide to accumulate to dangerous levels.

That’s why it’s very important to have your appliances properly installed and maintained regularly.  Have professional service inspections on a timely basis to ensure that your appliances and chimney for gas fireplaces are in working order and are venting properly. And, always follow manufacturer’s directions when operating any appliances. Other tips:

• Make sure the room where an unvented gas or kerosene space heater is used is well ventilated; doors leading to another room should be open to allow added ventilation.
• Never use an unvented combustion heater overnight or in a room where you are sleeping.
• Never use charcoal grills inside a home, tent, camper, or unventilated garage.
• Don’t leave vehicles running in an enclosed garage, even to “warm up” a car on a cold morning.

Please reach out if you have any questions about CO detectors.  Take the time today to go through your home and look at each of your CO detectors and be sure you have one on every floor or consider getting additional devices.